In order to save energy and reduce emissions, the voice of new energy vehicles in modern society is rising. Not only the small metals necessary for power batteries like lithium and rare earths, but also light metals like magnesium and aluminum, which lighten the weight of cars.

Obstacles to the development of electric vehicles

At present, the main problem hindering the industrialization of electric vehicles is the short durability after charging. There are three solutions: one is to increase the storage capacity of power batteries, which requires battery manufacturers to have strong technical research and development capabilities; the second is to widely open charging stations, requiring the government to invest heavily in the installation of power grids; the third is to reduce the weight of the car itself, in order to reduce battery load and improve battery efficiency, thereby improving the durability of electric vehicles.

According to relevant literature, 60% of the fuel used by a car is consumed by its own weight. According to the average weight of an ordinary passenger car is 1.5 tons, the fuel consumption per kilometer is 11L, the weight of the car can be reduced by 10%, the fuel consumption during the same driving process can be reduced by 7%, the carbon dioxide emission can be reduced by 6.5%, and the one-time endurance can be increased by 6%.

Magnesium-aluminum alloy is the first choice for lightweight

As far as the most valuable light metals are concerned, magnesium and aluminum are undoubtedly the first choices, these two light metals are the most widely distributed elements in nature.

In recent years, the world's annual output of primary magnesium is about 800,000 to 9,000 tons, of which China's primary magnesium output has grown very rapidly. According to statistics, China's primary magnesium output was 340,000 tons in 2003, and it will be close to 700,000 tons in 2010, accounting for about 75% of the world's total.

Magnesium alloys are the main application areas of primary magnesium. Its main features are high specific strength, large elastic modulus, good shock absorption, higher impact bearing capacity than aluminum alloy, good corrosion resistance to organic substances and alkalis, and good electromagnetic shielding performance. performance. By adding different alloying elements in the matrix to improve the production process, the strength of magnesium alloy is higher than that of aluminum alloy and steel, and the stiffness is close to that of aluminum alloy. Therefore, magnesium alloys are mainly used in automobiles, 3C products and other fields.

The application parts of magnesium alloys in automobiles can be divided into two categories: one is shell type, the other is clutch shell, valve shell, instrument panel, gearbox body, crankcase, engine front cover, cylinder head, air conditioner shell, and the other One is the bracket type, including steering wheel, steering brake, seat frame, mirror frame, power distribution bracket, wheel hub, etc.

According to estimates by researchers at Guoyuan Securities, the average magnesium alloy used in each vehicle in the world is about 3.5 kilograms, while the average weight of each vehicle in China is 2 kilograms. According to the production of about 1.4 million vehicles in 2009, the annual consumption of magnesium alloys in the domestic automobile industry is about 28,000 tons.

With the vigorous development of magnesium alloys in China, the annual growth rate of magnesium alloys in automotive die casting will remain at 15%, so by 2015, the use of magnesium alloys in each vehicle is expected to reach 10-15 kg. According to the annual output of domestic automobiles, the minimum consumption of magnesium alloys in the domestic automobile industry is 140,000 tons, and the maximum consumption will exceed 230,000 tons.

It can be said that the magnesium alloy industry has not only entered a period of stable growth, but also has a huge potential for market capacity growth in the next five years.

Conclusion

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